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    트리 ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ 3차원 곡간 λ‚΄ 데이터 μ‹œκ°ν™” 연ꡬ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : λ―Έμˆ λŒ€ν•™ λ””μžμΈν•™λΆ€ λ””μžμΈμ „κ³΅, 2019. 2. κΉ€μˆ˜μ •.Speculative visualization combines both data visualization methods and aesthetics to draw attention to specific social, political and environmental issues. The speculative data visualization project proposed in this work explores electronic waste trade and the environmental performance of various nations. Illegal trading of electronic waste without proper disposal and recycling measures has a severe impact on both human health and the environment. This trade can be represented as a network data structure. The overall environmental health and ecosystem vitality of those trading countries, represented by their Environmental Performance Index (EPI), can also give greater insight into this issue. This EPI data has a hierarchical structure. This work explores methods to visualize these two data sets simultaneously in a manner that allows for analytical exploration of the data while communicating its underlying meaning. This project-based design research specifically focuses on visualizing hierarchical datasets with a node-link type tree structure and suggests a novel data visualization method, called the data garden, to visualize these hierarchical datasets within a spatial network. This draws inspiration from networks found between trees in nature. This is applied to the illegal e-waste trade and environmental datasets to provoke discussion, provide a holistic understanding and improve the peoples awareness on these issues. This uses both analytical data visualization techniques, along with a more aesthetic approach. The data garden approach is used to create a 3D interactive data visualization that users can use to navigate and explore the data in a meaningful way while also providing an emotional connection to the subject. This is due to the ability of the data garden approach to accurately show the underlying data while also closely mimicking natural structures. The visualization project intends to encourage creative professionals to create both visually appealing and thought-provoking data visualizations on significant issues that can reach a mass audience and improve awareness of citizens. Additionally, this design research intends to cause further discussion on the role of aesthetics and creative practices in data visualizations.사변적 μ‹œκ°ν™”(speculative visualization)λŠ” 데이터 μ‹œκ°ν™” 방법과 미학을 κ²°ν•©ν•˜μ—¬ νŠΉμ •ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒ, μ •μΉ˜ 및 ν™˜κ²½ λ¬Έμ œμ— 관심을 μœ λ„ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ œμ•ˆν•œ 사변적 데이터 μ‹œκ°ν™” ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό 톡해 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ κ΅­κ°€μ˜ μ „μž 폐기물 κ±°λž˜μ™€ ν™˜κ²½ μ„±κ³Όλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ μ ˆν•œ μ²˜λ¦¬μ™€ μž¬ν™œμš© μ‘°μΉ˜κ°€ 이뀄지지 μ•Šμ€ μ „μžνκΈ°λ¬Όμ˜ λΆˆλ²• κ±°λž˜λŠ” ν™˜κ²½κ³Ό 인간에 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 κ±°λž˜λŠ” λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬ 데이터 ꡬ쑰둜 ν‘œν˜„ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν™˜κ²½μ„±κ³Όμ§€μˆ˜(EPI)λ₯Ό 톡해 이 κ±°λž˜μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λŠ” κ΅­κ°€λ“€μ˜ μ „λ°˜μ μΈ ν™˜κ²½ 보건과 μƒνƒœκ³„ ν™œλ ₯을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λŠ” 것은 이 λ¬Έμ œμ— 더 κΉŠμ€ 톡찰λ ₯을 μ œκ³΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 ν™˜κ²½μ„±κ³Όμ§€μˆ˜λŠ” 계측 ꡬ쑰둜 λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 데이터λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„μ μœΌλ‘œ 탐ꡬ할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 톡해 두 가지 데이터λ₯Ό λ™μ‹œμ— μ‹œκ°ν™”ν•˜κ³ , 이λ₯Ό 톡해 ν‘œλ©΄μ— λ“œλŸ¬λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ 의미λ₯Ό μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 νƒκ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό 기반으둜 ν•˜λŠ” λ””μžμΈ μ—°κ΅¬λ‘œ, λ…Έλ“œ 링크 μœ ν˜• 트리 ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό 톡해 계측적 데이터λ₯Ό μ‹œκ°ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 것에 쀑점을 두고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μžμ—°μ—μ„œ λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ‚˜λ¬΄ κ°„ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μ—μ„œ μ˜κ°μ„ μ–»μ–΄ 곡간 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μ—μ„œ 계측적 데이터 μ„ΈνŠΈλ₯Ό μ‹œκ°ν™”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 데이터 정원이라고 ν•˜λŠ” 이 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 데이터 μ‹œκ°ν™” 방법을 λΆˆλ²• μ „μž 폐기물 κ±°λž˜μ™€ ν™˜κ²½ 데이터에 μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 토둠을 μœ λ°œν•˜κ³  전체적인 이해λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜λ©° μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 인식을 κ°œμ„ ν•˜κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” 보닀 미적인 μ ‘κ·Όκ³Ό 뢄석적 데이터 μ‹œκ°ν™” κΈ°μˆ μ„ λͺ¨λ‘ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 데이터 정원을 ν†΅ν•œ μ ‘κ·ΌμœΌλ‘œ 삼차원 λŒ€ν™”ν˜• 데이터 μ‹œκ°ν™”λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 μ‹œκ°ν™”λ₯Ό 톡해 μ‚¬μš©μžλŠ” 데이터λ₯Ό 의미 μžˆλŠ” λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λŠ” λ™μ‹œμ— μ£Όμ œμ™€ 감성적인 연결을 받을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” 데이터 정원 방법이 데이터λ₯Ό μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” λ™μ‹œμ— μžμ—° ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό λ©΄λ°€ν•˜κ²Œ λͺ¨λ°©ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ‹œκ°ν™” ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλŠ” 창의적인 전문가듀이 μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ‹œκ°μ μœΌλ‘œ 맀λ ₯적이고 생각을 μžκ·Ήν•˜λŠ” 데이터 μ‹œκ°ν™”λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λŒ€μ€‘μ—κ²Œ λ„λ‹¬ν•˜κ³  μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ˜ 인식을 ν–₯상할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ꢌμž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, λ³Έ λ””μžμΈ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 데이터 μ‹œκ°ν™”μ—μ„œ λ―Έν•™κ³Ό 창쑰적인 μ‹€μ²œμ˜ 역할에 λŒ€ν•œ 더 λ§Žμ€ λ…Όμ˜λ₯Ό μœ λ„ν•˜κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.Abstract I Table of Contents III List of Figures VI 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background 2 1.2 Research Goal and Method 6 1.3 Terminology 9 2. Hierarchical Relationships: Trees 14 2.1 The History of Tree Diagrams 16 2.1.1 Significance of Trees 16 2.1.2 Aristotles Hierarchical Order of Life 19 2.1.3 Early Religious Depictions of Hierarchical Structures 22 2.1.4 Depicting Evolution 26 2.2 Tree Structures 29 2.3 Tree Layouts 31 3. Complex Relationships: Networks 34 3.1 Attributes of Networks 36 3.1.1 Interdependence and Interconnectedness 38 3.1.2 Decentralization 42 3.1.3 Nonlinearity 45 3.1.4 Multiplicity 46 3.2 Spatial Networks 46 3.3 Combining Tree Structures and Networks 48 4. Design Study Goals and Criteria 51 4.1 Objectives of the Design Study 71 4.2 Data Visualization Approaches 54 4.3 Criteria of Data Visualization 57 4.3.1 Aesthetics 58 4.3.2 Information Visualization Principles 62 4.3.2.1 Visual Cues in Data Visualization 62 4.3.2.2 Gestalt Principles 65 4.3.2.3 Increasing Efficiency of Network Visualizations 67 4.4 Case Study 70 5. Design Study: Data Garden Method 78 5.1 Concept of the Data Garden Structure 79 5.2 Data Garden Tree Structure 84 5.2.1 360Β°Vertical Branches 85 5.2.2 Break Point of the Branches 87 5.2.3 Aligning Hierarchy Levels 89 5.2.3.1 Design 01 – Extend Method 90 5.2.3.2 Design 02 – Collapse Method 91 5.2.4 Node Placement Technique 92 5.3 Conveying 3D Information 95 6. Design Study: Visualization Project 98 6.1 Theme 99 6.1.1 E-waste Trade 100 6.1.2 Environmental Performance Index 102 6.2 Visual Design Concept 104 6.3 Assigning Attributes 105 6.4 Visual Design Process 107 6.4.1 Leaf (Node) Design Process 107 6.4.1.1 Leaf Inspiration 107 6.4.1.2 Leaf Design 108 6.4.1.3 Leaf Area Calculation and Alignment 113 6.4.2 Stem (Branch) Design Process 116 6.4.3 Root (Link) Design Process 117 6.5 Interaction Design 118 6.5.1 Navigation 118 6.5.2 User Interface 119 6.5.3 Free and Detail Modes 120 6.5.4 Data Details 121 6.6 Visualization Renders 122 6.7 Exhibition 129 7. Conclusion 131 7.1 Conclusion 132 7.2 Limitations and Further Research 133 Bibliography 135 ꡭ문초둝 (Abstract in Korean) 144Docto
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